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Introduction: Diseases result from abnormal divergence of the normal structural and functional well-being of an organism. It can be brought about by physical, biological, chemical, genetic, or autoimmune causes. Autoimmune diseases occur when the body’s defence system targets its own healthy cells and tissues. The clinical signs and symptoms vary depending on the target tissues. Oral lesions such as ulcers, blisters, mucositis, and gingivitis are seen in many autoimmune diseases and may be an early sign, first recognized by the dental surgeon. Objective: To review the various autoimmune diseases affecting the orofacial region and update the clinicians about their oral manifestations. Materials and Methods: Case reports, review articles and original research papers published in various electronic databases like PubMed, Cross reference, Google scholar, and data collected from books are compiled in this review article. Result and Conclusion: This review gives an overview of some of the common autoimmune diseases affecting the head and neck region, their pathogenesis, clinical features, histopathological features and laboratory findings.
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Purpose: The aim of the study was to understand the clinical profile and anatomical and visual outcome in Tractional/Combined (Tractional + Rhegmatogenous) Retinal Detachment due to vasculitis after surgical intervention. Methods: It was an interventional retrospective study of all cases who underwent surgery for RD with vasculitis at a single tertiary eye care center for over a period of 6 years. Patients with retinal detachment due to vasculitis were included in the study. All patients underwent the following surgical procedures: 240 belt buckle with three?port pars plana vitrectomy with membrane dissection and peeling with fluid gas exchange/with endolaser with silicon oil/C3 F8 gas injection. Results: In our study, 83.33% had preoperative vision of less than 6/60, whereas postoperatively 66.66% had vision of less than 6/60. Postoperatively 33.33% patients had vision better than 6/36. Of the six eyes operated for vasculitis with RD, retina was attached in five eyes following surgery. One patient had recurrent retinal detachment due to extensive proliferative vitreoretinopathy changes, and he was advised re?procedure but was lost for follow?up. The anatomical success was 83.33% on the first surgery. Conclusion: The overall anatomic success rate of retina reattachment surgery in vasculitis patient was good, and the visual outcome following the surgery can improve in majority of the cases. Hence, timely intervention is advocated.
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Manual small-incision cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in ophthalmology. Most cataract surgeries are performed under local anaesthesia. Peribulbar or retrobulbar anaesthesia is commonly used to achieve analgesia and akinesia during surgery but it has various complications. Our aim was to study patient comfort and surgeon抯 perspective in terms of patient cooperation in MSICS under topical anaesthesia using only proparacaine 0.5% eye drops without any periocular block or intracameral drug. Also to popularise Topical MSICS similar to Topical Phacoemulsification. A prospective analytical study of 33 patients who underwent MSICS surgery from March 2022 to June 2022 using Topical proparacaine eye drops 0.5% was done and patient抯 comfort and surgeon抯 perspective in terms of patient cooperation was studied on a scale of 1-5. Out of 33 patients who underwent surgery, the average comfort score based on patient feedback was 3.45� 0.96 and average patient cooperation score based on surgeon assessment was 3.42 � 1.07 on a scale of 1-5. We concluded that MSICS using only topical proparacaine 0.5% eye drops, can provide sufficient patient comfort and can avoid complications related to peribulbar anaesthesia. Hence it can be used in large scale cataract surgeries and also provides economical utilisation of resources, lesser complications and early post operative recovery without compromising surgical outcome.